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Endocrinol. diabetes nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(3): 138-145, mar. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-171255

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: La malnutrición puede deberse tanto a la falta de alimentos como al exceso de alimentos poco nutritivos. Ello predispone al niño, por diversos factores, a un fracaso escolar. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la prevalencia de niños escolarizados con dificultades alimentarias, estudiar el grado de nutrición, la calidad alimentaria de la dieta y el grado de actividad física. Material y métodos: Se estudió la población escolarizada de las poblaciones de Centelles, Hostalets de Balenyà y Sant Martí de Centelles, de 3 meses a 16,5 años. Se recogieron datos personales, antropométricos, nutricionales y de actividad física para la valoración por análisis descriptivo y bivariante. Resultados: Se estudiaron 1.374 niños, 122 menores de 3 años (8,9%), observándose obesidad en el 2,5%, sobrepeso en el 17,2%, infrapeso en el 15,6% y normopeso en el 64,8% de la muestra, y 1.252 mayores de 3 años (91,1%), observándose un 62,9% de normopeso, un 11,0% de infrapeso y un 26,1% de exceso de peso, del cual un 8,1% se trataba de obesidad. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se reduce significativamente con la edad. Se observa una relación significativa para el mantenimiento de un peso corporal el consumo de hidratos de carbono para desayunar antes de ir a la escuela, consumir fruta diariamente y no precisar atención de los servicios sociales. Es significativa la diferencia de actividad física y sedentarismo entre sexos. Conclusión: El infrapeso y el exceso de peso son factores relacionados con los hábitos alimentarios y la dependencia de los servicios sociales (AU)


Background and objective: Malnourishment can be caused by either a lack of food or an excess of low-nutrient foods. Due to several factors, this predisposes children to academic failure. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of school children with eating problems, study their nutrition level, food quality in the diet, and level of physical activity. Material and methods: The study involved the school children between 3 months and 16.5 years of age in the municipalities of Centelles, Hostalets de Balenyà and Sant Martí de Centelles. Personal, age, nutrition and physical activity data were collected for the descriptive and bivariate analyses. Results: A total of 1,374 children were included, of which 122 were under 3 years of age (8.9%). Obesity was recorded in 2.5%, while 17.2, 15.6 and 64.8% were overweight, underweight and of normal weight, respectively. The remaining 1,252 children were over 3 years of age (91.1%), and obesity was recorded in 8.1%, while 26.1, 11.0 and 62.9% were overweight, underweight and of normal weight, respectively. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreased significantly with increasing age. The maintenance of body weight was significantly correlated to the consumption of carbohydrates for breakfast before going to school, daily fruit consumption, and not having a need for care from the social services. The differences in physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle proved significant between males and females. Conclusion: Being underweight and overweight are factors related to eating habits and dependency upon the social services (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Estado Nutricional , Comportamento Alimentar , Exercício Físico , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/complicações , Obesidade/complicações , Dieta Mediterrânea , Antropometria/métodos
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